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pleiads.c
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C/C++ Source or Header
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2000-04-23
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17KB
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672 lines
/****************************************************************************
*
* Sound hardware for Pleiades, Naughty Boy and Pop Flamer.
*
* If you find errors or have suggestions, please mail me.
* Juergen Buchmueller <pullmoll@t-online.de>
*
****************************************************************************/
#include "driver.h"
#define VMIN 0
#define VMAX 32767
static int channel;
static int sound_latch_a;
static int sound_latch_b;
static int sound_latch_c; /* part of the videoreg_w latch */
static UINT32 *poly18 = NULL;
static int polybit;
/* fixed 8kHz clock */
#define TONE1_CLOCK 8000
/* some resistor and capacitor dependent values which
vary between the (otherwise identical) boards. */
static double pa5_charge_time;
static double pa5_discharge_time;
static double pa6_charge_time;
static double pa6_discharge_time;
static double pb4_charge_time;
static double pb4_discharge_time;
static double pc4_charge_time;
static double pc4_discharge_time;
static double pc5_charge_time;
static double pc5_discharge_time;
static int pa5_resistor;
static int pc5_resistor;
static int tone2_max_freq;
static int tone3_max_freq;
static int tone4_max_freq;
static int noise_freq;
static int polybit_resistor;
static int opamp_resistor;
/*****************************************************************************
* Tone #1 is a fixed 8 kHz signal divided by 1 to 15.
*****************************************************************************/
INLINE int tone1(int samplerate)
{
static int counter, divisor, output;
if( (sound_latch_a & 15) != 15 )
{
counter -= TONE1_CLOCK;
while( counter <= 0 )
{
counter += samplerate;
if( ++divisor == 16 )
{
divisor = sound_latch_a & 15;
output ^= 1;
}
}
}
return output ? VMAX : -VMAX;
}
/*****************************************************************************
* Tones #2 and #3 are coming from the upper 556 chip
* It's labelled IC96 in Pop Flamer, 4D(??) in Naughty Boy.
* C68 controls the frequencies of tones #2 and #3 (V/C inputs)
*****************************************************************************/
INLINE int update_pb4(int samplerate)
{
static int counter, level;
/* bit 4 of latch B: charge 10uF (C28/C68) through 10k (R19/R25) */
if( sound_latch_b & 0x10 )
{
if( level < VMAX )
{
counter -= (int)((VMAX - level) / pb4_charge_time);
if( counter <= 0 )
{
int n = (-counter / samplerate) + 1;
counter += n * samplerate;
if( (level += n) > VMAX )
level = VMAX;
}
}
}
else
{
if( level > VMIN )
{
counter -= (int)((level - VMIN) / pb4_discharge_time);
if( counter <= 0 )
{
int n = (-counter / samplerate) + 1;
counter += n * samplerate;
if( (level -= n) < VMIN)
level = VMIN;
}
}
}
return level;
}
INLINE int tone23(int samplerate)
{
static int counter2, output2, counter3, output3;
int level = VMAX - update_pb4(samplerate);
int sum = 0;
/* bit 5 = low: tone23 disabled */
if( (sound_latch_b & 0x20) == 0 )
return sum;
/* modulate timers from the upper 556 with the voltage on Cxx on PB4. */
if( level < VMAX )
{
counter2 -= tone2_max_freq * level / 32768;
if( counter2 <= 0 )
{
int n = (-counter2 / samplerate) + 1;
counter2 += n * samplerate;
output2 = (output2 + n) & 1;
}
counter3 -= tone3_max_freq*1/3 + tone3_max_freq*2/3 * level / 33768;
if( counter3 <= 0 )
{
int n = (-counter2 / samplerate) + 1;
counter3 += samplerate;
output3 = (output3 + n) & 1;
}
}
sum += (output2) ? VMAX : -VMAX;
sum += (output3) ? VMAX : -VMAX;
return sum / 2;
}
/*****************************************************************************
* Tone #4 comes from upper half of the lower 556 (IC98 in Pop Flamer)
* It's modulated by the voltage at C49, which is then divided between
* 0V or 5V, depending on the polynome output bit.
* The tone signal gates two signals (bits 5 of latches A and C), but
* these are also swept between two levels (C52 and C53 in Pop Flamer).
*****************************************************************************/
INLINE int update_c_pc4(int samplerate)
{
#define PC4_MIN (int)(VMAX * 7 / 50)
static int counter, level = PC4_MIN;
/* bit 4 of latch C: (part of videoreg_w) hi? */
if (sound_latch_c & 0x10)
{
if (level < VMAX)
{
counter -= (int)((VMAX - level) / pc4_charge_time);
if( counter <= 0 )
{
int n = (-counter / samplerate) + 1;
counter += n * samplerate;
if( (level += n) > VMAX )
level = VMAX;
}
}
}
else
{
if (level > PC4_MIN)
{
counter -= (int)((level - PC4_MIN) / pc4_discharge_time);
if( counter <= 0 )
{
int n = (-counter / samplerate) + 1;
counter += n * samplerate;
if( (level -= n) < PC4_MIN )
level = PC4_MIN;
}
}
}
return level;
}
INLINE int update_c_pc5(int samplerate)
{
static int counter, level;
/* bit 5 of latch C: charge or discharge C52 */
if (sound_latch_c & 0x20)
{
if (level < VMAX)
{
counter -= (int)((VMAX - level) / pc5_charge_time);
if( counter <= 0 )
{
int n = (-counter / samplerate) + 1;
counter += n * samplerate;
if( (level += n) > VMAX )
level = VMAX;
}
}
}
else
{
if (level > VMIN)
{
counter -= (int)((level - VMIN) / pc5_discharge_time);
if( counter <= 0 )
{
int n = (-counter / samplerate) + 1;
counter += samplerate;
if( (level -= n) < VMIN )
level = VMIN;
}
}
}
return level;
}
INLINE int update_c_pa5(int samplerate)
{
static int counter, level;
/* bit 5 of latch A: charge or discharge C63 */
if (sound_latch_a & 0x20)
{
if (level < VMAX)
{
counter -= (int)((VMAX - level) / pa5_charge_time);
if( counter <= 0 )
{
int n = (-counter / samplerate) + 1;
counter += n * samplerate;
if( (level += n) > VMAX )
level = VMAX;
}
}
}
else
{
if (level > VMIN)
{
counter -= (int)((level - VMIN) / pa5_discharge_time);
if( counter <= 0 )
{
int n = (-counter / samplerate) + 1;
counter += samplerate;
if( (level -= n) < VMIN )
level = VMIN;
}
}
}
return level;
}
INLINE int tone4(int samplerate)
{
static int counter, output;
int level = update_c_pc4(samplerate);
int vpc5 = update_c_pc5(samplerate);
int vpa5 = update_c_pa5(samplerate);
int sum;
/* Two resistors divide the output voltage of the op-amp between
* polybit = 0: 0V and level: x * opamp_resistor / (opamp_resistor + polybit_resistor)
* polybit = 1: level and 5V: x * polybit_resistor / (opamp_resistor + polybit_resistor)
*/
if (polybit)
level = level + (VMAX - level) * opamp_resistor / (opamp_resistor + polybit_resistor);
else
level = level * polybit_resistor / (opamp_resistor + polybit_resistor);
counter -= tone4_max_freq * level / 32768;
if( counter <= 0 )
{
int n = (-counter / samplerate) + 1;
counter += n * samplerate;
output = (output + n) & 1;
}
/* mix the two signals */
sum = vpc5 * pa5_resistor / (pa5_resistor + pc5_resistor) +
vpa5 * pc5_resistor / (pa5_resistor + pc5_resistor);
return (output) ? sum : -sum;
}
/*****************************************************************************
* Noise comes from a shift register (4006) hooked up just like in Phoenix.
* Difference: the clock frequecy is toggled between two values only by
* bit 4 of latch A. The output of the first shift register can be zapped(?)
* by some control line (IC87 in Pop Flamer: not yet implemented)
*****************************************************************************/
INLINE int update_c_pa6(int samplerate)
{
static int counter, level;
/* bit 6 of latch A: charge or discharge C63 */
if (sound_latch_a & 0x40)
{
if (level < VMAX)
{
counter -= (int)((VMAX - level) / pa6_charge_time);
if( counter <= 0 )
{
int n = (-counter / samplerate) + 1;
counter += n * samplerate;
if( (level += n) > VMAX )
level = VMAX;
}
}
}
else
{
/* only discharge of poly bit is active */
if (polybit && level > VMIN)
{
/* discharge 10uF through 10k -> 0.1s */
counter -= (int)((level - VMIN) / 0.1);
if( counter <= 0 )
{
int n = (-counter / samplerate) + 1;
counter += n * samplerate;
if( (level -= n) < VMIN )
level = VMIN;
}
}
}
return level;
}
INLINE int noise(int samplerate)
{
static int counter, polyoffs;
int c_pa6_level = update_c_pa6(samplerate);
int sum = 0;
/*
* bit 4 of latch A: noise counter rate modulation?
* CV2 input of lower 556 is connected via 2k resistor
*/
if ( sound_latch_a & 0x10 )
counter -= noise_freq * 2 / 3; /* ????? */
else
counter -= noise_freq * 1 / 3; /* ????? */
if( counter <= 0 )
{
int n = (-counter / samplerate) + 1;
counter += n * samplerate;
polyoffs = (polyoffs + n) & 0x3ffff;
polybit = (poly18[polyoffs>>5] >> (polyoffs & 31)) & 1;
}
/* The polynome output bit is used to gate bits 6 + 7 of
* sound latch A through the upper half of a 4066 chip.
* Bit 6 is sweeping a capacitor between 0V and 4.7V
* while bit 7 is connected directly to the 4066.
* Both outputs are then filtered, bit 7 even twice,
* but it's beyond me what the filters there are doing...
*/
if (polybit)
{
sum += c_pa6_level;
/* bit 7 is connected directly */
if (sound_latch_a & 0x80)
sum += VMAX;
}
else
{
sum -= c_pa6_level;
/* bit 7 is connected directly */
if (sound_latch_a & 0x80)
sum -= VMAX;
}
return sum / 2;
}
static void pleiads_sound_update(int param, INT16 *buffer, int length)
{
int rate = Machine->sample_rate;
while( length-- > 0 )
{
int sum = tone1(rate)/2 + tone23(rate)/2 + tone4(rate) + noise(rate);
*buffer++ = sum < 32768 ? sum > -32768 ? sum : -32768 : 32767;
}
}
WRITE_HANDLER( pleiads_sound_control_a_w )
{
if (data == sound_latch_a)
return;
logerror("pleiads_sound_control_b_w $%02x\n", data);
stream_update(channel,0);
sound_latch_a = data;
}
WRITE_HANDLER( pleiads_sound_control_b_w )
{
/*
* pitch selects one of 4 possible clock inputs
* (actually 3, because IC2 and IC3 are tied together)
* write note value to TMS3615; voice b1 & b2
*/
int note = data & 15;
int pitch = (data >> 6) & 3;
if (data == sound_latch_b)
return;
logerror("pleiads_sound_control_b_w $%02x\n", data);
if (pitch == 3)
pitch = 2; /* 2 and 3 are the same */
tms36xx_note_w(0, pitch, note);
stream_update(channel,0);
sound_latch_b = data;
}
/* two bits (4 + 5) from the videoreg_w latch go here */
WRITE_HANDLER( pleiads_sound_control_c_w )
{
if (data == sound_latch_c)
return;
logerror("pleiads_sound_control_c_w $%02x\n", data);
stream_update(channel,0);
sound_latch_c = data;
}
static int common_sh_start(const struct MachineSound *msound, char *name)
{
int i, j;
UINT32 shiftreg;
poly18 = (UINT32 *)malloc((1ul << (18-5)) * sizeof(UINT32));
if( !poly18 )
return 1;
shiftreg = 0;
for( i = 0; i < (1ul << (18-5)); i++ )
{
UINT32 bits = 0;
for( j = 0; j < 32; j++ )
{
bits = (bits >> 1) | (shiftreg << 31);
if( ((shiftreg >> 16) & 1) == ((shiftreg >> 17) & 1) )
shiftreg = (shiftreg << 1) | 1;
else
shiftreg <<= 1;
}
poly18[i] = bits;
}
channel = stream_init(name, 40, Machine->sample_rate, 0, pleiads_sound_update);
if( channel == -1 )
return 1;
return 0;
}
int pleiads_sh_start(const struct MachineSound *msound)
{
/* The real values are _unknown_!
* I took the ones from Naughty Boy / Pop Flamer
*/
/* charge 10u?? (C??) through 330K?? (R??) -> 3.3s */
pa5_charge_time = 3.3;
/* discharge 10u?? (C??) through 220k?? (R??) -> 2.2s */
pa5_discharge_time = 2.2;
/* charge 2.2uF?? through 330?? -> 0.000726s */
pa6_charge_time = 0.000726;
/* discharge 2.2uF?? through 10k?? -> 0.22s */
pa6_discharge_time = 0.022;
/* 10k and 10uF */
pb4_charge_time = 0.1;
pb4_discharge_time = 0.1;
/* charge C49 (22u?) via R47 (2k?) and R48 (1k)
* time constant (1000+2000) * 22e-6 = 0.066s */
pc4_charge_time = 0.066;
/* discharge C49 (22u?) via R48 (1k) and diode D1
* time constant 1000 * 22e-6 = 0.022s */
pc4_discharge_time = 0.022;
/* charge 10u?? through 330 -> 0.0033s */
pc5_charge_time = 0.0033;
/* discharge 10u?? through ??k (R??) -> 0.1s */
pc5_discharge_time = 0.1;
/* both in K */
pa5_resistor = 33;
pc5_resistor = 47;
/* upper 556 upper half: Ra=10k??, Rb=200k??, C=0.01uF?? -> 351Hz */
tone2_max_freq = 351;
/* upper 556 lower half: Ra=47k??, Rb=100k??, C=0.01uF?? -> 582Hz */
tone3_max_freq = 582;
/* lower 556 upper half: Ra=33k??, Rb=100k??, C=0.0047uF??
freq = 1.44 / ((33000+2*100000) * 0.0047e-6) = approx. 1315 Hz */
tone4_max_freq = 1315;
/* how to divide the V/C voltage for tone #4 */
polybit_resistor = 47;
opamp_resistor = 20;
/* lower 556 lower half: Ra=100k??, Rb=1k??, C=0.01uF??
freq = 1.44 / ((100000+2*1000) * 0.01e-6) = approx. 1412 Hz */
noise_freq = 1412; /* higher noise rate than popflame/naughtyb??? */
return common_sh_start(msound, "Custom (Pleiads)");
}
int naughtyb_sh_start(const struct MachineSound *msound)
{
/* charge 10u??? through 330K (R??) -> 3.3s */
pa5_charge_time = 3.3;
/* discharge 10u through 220k (R??) -> 2.1s */
pa5_discharge_time = 2.2;
/* charge 2.2uF through 330 -> 0.000726s */
pa6_charge_time = 0.000726;
/* discharge 2.2uF through 10K -> 0.022s */
pa6_discharge_time = 0.022;
/* 10k and 10uF */
pb4_charge_time = 0.1;
pb4_discharge_time = 0.1;
/* charge 10uF? (C??) via 3k?? (R??) and 2k?? (R28?)
* time constant (3000+2000) * 10e-6 = 0.05s */
pc4_charge_time = 0.05 * 10;
/* discharge 10uF? (C??) via 2k?? R28?? and diode D?
* time constant 2000 * 10e-6 = 0.02s */
pc4_discharge_time = 0.02 * 10;
/* charge 10u through 330 -> 0.0033s */
pc5_charge_time = 0.0033;
/* discharge 10u through ??k (R??) -> 0.1s */
pc5_discharge_time = 0.1;
/* both in K */
pa5_resistor = 100;
pc5_resistor = 78;
/* upper 556 upper half: 10k, 200k, 0.01uF -> 351Hz */
tone2_max_freq = 351;
/* upper 556 lower half: 47k, 200k, 0.01uF -> 322Hz */
tone3_max_freq = 322;
/* lower 556 upper half: Ra=33k, Rb=100k, C=0.0047uF
freq = 1.44 / ((33000+2*100000) * 0.0047e-6) = approx. 1315 Hz */
tone4_max_freq = 1315;
/* how to divide the V/C voltage for tone #4 */
polybit_resistor = 47;
opamp_resistor = 20;
/* lower 556 lower half: Ra=200k, Rb=1k, C=0.01uF
freq = 1.44 / ((200000+2*1000) * 0.01e-6) = approx. 713 Hz */
noise_freq = 713;
return common_sh_start(msound, "Custom (Naughty Boy)");
}
int popflame_sh_start(const struct MachineSound *msound)
{
/* charge 10u (C63 in Pop Flamer) through 330K -> 3.3s */
pa5_charge_time = 3.3;
/* discharge 10u (C63 in Pop Flamer) through 220k -> 2.2s */
pa5_discharge_time = 2.2;
/* charge 2.2uF through 330 -> 0.000726s */
pa6_charge_time = 0.000726;
/* discharge 2.2uF through 10K -> 0.022s */
pa6_discharge_time = 0.022;
/* 2k and 10uF */
pb4_charge_time = 0.02;
pb4_discharge_time = 0.02;
/* charge 2.2uF (C49?) via R47 (100) and R48 (1k)
* time constant (100+1000) * 2.2e-6 = 0.00242 */
pc4_charge_time = 0.000242;
/* discharge 2.2uF (C49?) via R48 (1k) and diode D1
* time constant 1000 * 22e-6 = 0.0022s */
pc4_discharge_time = 0.00022;
/* charge 22u (C52 in Pop Flamer) through 10k -> 0.22s */
pc5_charge_time = 0.22;
/* discharge 22u (C52 in Pop Flamer) through ??k (R??) -> 0.1s */
pc5_discharge_time = 0.1;
/* both in K */
pa5_resistor = 33;
pc5_resistor = 47;
/* upper 556 upper half: Ra=10k, Rb=100k, C=0.01uF -> 1309Hz */
tone2_max_freq = 1309;
/* upper 556 lower half: Ra=10k??, Rb=120k??, C=0.01uF -> 1108Hz */
tone3_max_freq = 1108;
/* lower 556 upper half: Ra=33k, Rb=100k, C=0.0047uF
freq = 1.44 / ((33000+2*100000) * 0.0047e-6) = approx. 1315 Hz */
tone4_max_freq = 1315;
/* how to divide the V/C voltage for tone #4 */
polybit_resistor = 20;
opamp_resistor = 20;
/* lower 556 lower half: Ra=200k, Rb=1k, C=0.01uF
freq = 1.44 / ((200000+2*1000) * 0.01e-6) = approx. 713 Hz */
noise_freq = 713;
return common_sh_start(msound, "Custom (Pop Flamer)");
}
void pleiads_sh_stop(void)
{
if( poly18 )
free(poly18);
poly18 = NULL;
}
void pleiads_sh_update(void)
{
stream_update(channel, 0);
}